Traditional investigative techniques describe common methods for site characterization and investigation.

1,4 Dioxane (14DX-1)
Section 3 (Environmental Fate, Transport, and Investigative Strategies)
Summary of relevant site investigation strategy considerations that may be relevant under various regulatory frameworks (e.g., CERCLA, RCRA, and state cleanup programs).

Dense, Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids (DNAPLs-3)
Section 3 (Predesigned Characterization)
Provides a brief summary of the DNAPL source characterization information necessary to design a surfactant or cosolvent flood.

Integrated DNAPL Site Characterization (ISC-1)
Section 4 (Integrated DNAPL Site Characterization)
Describes the process for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of characterization efforts at DNAPL sites.

Mass Flux (MASSFLUX-1)
Section 4 (Measuring Mass Flux and Mass Discharge)
Details the five basic methods used to calculate mass flux and/or mass discharge.

Methane (METHANE-1)
Section 4 (Technology) – Section 4.1.1, Section 4.2.2, & Table 5
Provides a brief historical review of methane detection and quantification.

Phytotechnologies (PHYTO-3)
Section 2.2 (Site Assessment) and Table 2-3
Describes that site assessment is critical for the design and installation of a phytotechnology treatment system.

Small Arms Firing Range (SMART-1)
Section 2.6 (Sample Collection and Analysis)
Describes the process for developing a site characterization plan for sample collection and analysis to determine the vertical and horizontal extent and concentrations of the chemical constituents of concern in the environment.

Soil Background and Risk (SBR-1)
Section 3 (Establishing Soil Background)
Includes information on establishing both default soil background and site-specific soil background.

Unexploded Ordnance (UXO-6)
Section 2 (Commonly Used Wide-Area Assessments Technologies)
Discusses technologies that are commercially available with proven performance criteria sufficient for conducting WAA.

Petroleum Vapor Intrusion (PVI-1)
Section 4 (Site Investigation), specifically Section 4.2.2
The five-step process for investigating PVI applies in the event that a building does not satisfy the screening process and allow elimination of the exposure pathway.

Petroleum Vapor Intrusion (PVI-1)
Appendix G (Investigation Methods and Analysis Toolbox)
Describes various sampling and analysis methods available for vapor intrusion investigations. 

Vapor Intrusion (VI-1)
Section 3 (Site Investigation Phase)
Describes a 13-step approach to assessing the vapor intrusion pathway with the site investigation phase.