Fractured Rock

Groundwater and contaminant movement in fractured bedrock aquifers primarily occurs through fractures, making sites underlain by fractured rock difficult to characterize and remediate.

Characterization and Remediation of Fractured Rock (FRACTUREDRX-1)
Section 1 (Introduction)
Addresses significant advances in skills, tools, and lessons-learned in understanding contaminant flow and transport in fractured rock environments. 

Integrated DNAPL Site Characterization (ISC-1)
Section 3.5 (Considerations in Fractured Rock); Figure 3-5
Describes how DNAPL penetrates into bedrock and migrates generally downward through fracture networks. 

Integrated DNAPL Site Characterization (ISC-1)
Section 4.2.7 (Review Existing Fracture Data)
Describes that sufficient data must be acquired to characterize the fractures in terms of spatial orientation, distribution, interconnectivity, and potential for transport or storage of contaminants.

Integrated DNAPL Site Characterization (ISC-1)
Appendix E (Geology), including sections E.3.5; E.3.7; E.3.8; E.3.9; E.3.10; E.4.4; E.4.5
Geologic data provide a means to describe the physical matrix and structure of the subsurface and to classify the sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic environment. Data related to lithology and distribution of strata and facies changes are generated through a variety of qualitative and quantitative collection tools and methods.