Soil is the upper surficial layer of earth in which plants grow, consisting of organic matter, clay, and disintegrated rock particles that can be impacted by contamination.

1,4 Dioxane (14DX-1)
Section 3 (Fate and Transport)
Describes 1,4-dioxane fate and transport in soil and investigative strategies for characterization.

1,4 Dioxane (14DX-1)
Table 3-2
Considerations for evaluating media potentially impacted by 1,4-dioxane.

Accelerated Site Characterization (ASCT-1)
Section 3: Describes the applicability and use of direct sensing for soil characterization.
Section 4: Describes borehole geophysics and its applicability for site characterization.
Section 5: Describes surface geophysical tools and their use to evaluate subsurface conditions.

Geospatial Analysis for Optimization (GRO-1)
Case Studies: Lead contamination in Soil
Case study of removal of lead contamination from soil of a former industrial property.

Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM-1)
Section 2 (Nature of Soil Sampling), pages 10-37
Describes use of incremental sampling in soil sampling.

Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM-2)
Section 2 (Nature of Soil Sampling)
A broad overview of soil sampling.

Integrated DNAPL Site Characterization (ISC-1)
Table D-4: Comparison of solid media sampling methods.
Table D-8: Comparison of chemical screening tools, including ones that can be used for soil analysis.
Section E.5.1: A short description of soil gas chemistry and their use in DNAPL CSMs.
Appendix I: Reference table of representative natural fraction of organic carbon values for soils, sediments, and rocks.

Integrated DNAPL Site Strategy (IDSS-1)
Section 2.2: Outlines the transport of DNAPL through soil.
Section 4.4.1: Treatment of DNAPL in unsaturated zone soils.
Section 4.1.3: Describes use of chemical and biological remediation technologies for DNAPL in soil and other media.

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS-1)
Figure 5-1: Fate and transport processes for PFAS, including through soil.
Section 5.3.1: Describes diffusion of PFAS in and out of lower permeability materials.
Section 5.3.3: Describes leaching of PFAS from soil into groundwater.
Section 6.2: Media-specific occurrence of PFAS in soil and sediment.

Fact sheet: Site Characterization and Media-Specific Occurrence, page 4
Discusses occurrence of PFAS contamination in soil.