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Remediation Phase

Physical Removal
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Removal (i.e., excavation) of contaminated soil or sediment without enhancing contaminant migration or displacement.

Characterization and Remediation in Fractured Rock (FracRX-1)
Section 6.4.2.1 (Physical Removal Technologies)
Provides details on technologies that range from direct physical removal methods such as excavation, to indirect removal methods such as multiphase extraction and thermal treatment (which rely on physical properties of the contaminant, such as volatility, for removal).

Remedy Selection for Contaminated Sediments(CS-2)
Section 6.0 (Removal by Dredging and Excavation)
Dredging or excavation remedies remove contaminated sediment from freshwater or marine water bodies in order to reduce risks to human health and the environment.